Owning My Own Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Owning My Own - Assignment Example Social responsibility in business also ensures that the company has a positive impact on its customers, stockholders, community, employees and the environment. Social responsibility helps guide a business on its mission and what it stands for and will uphold for its consumers, employees, stockholders and the community (Werther and Chandler, 2010). Discussed below are ways and procedures put in place to ensure that incorporation of self responsibility in business will satisfy consumers, employees and stockholders. Consumers are a vital part of business since they purchase the company’s products. To ensure social responsibility on consumers, the company has to strive and produce high quality and standard goods. In ensuring the quality of products, a company addresses ethical and quality standards expected in business (Werther and Chandler, 2010). A company has to produce high quality products which meet the satisfaction of the consumer. The products should not be harmful to cons umer health. The company should also meet set standards expected of the product. It should offer the product at fair prices to their consumers. In order to meet consumer social responsibility, a company should have a quality control department that checks on the product and service quality. By having a quality control department, the company addresses and ensures consumer satisfaction by producing quality products and services to its customers. Employees provide the company with the workforce or labor needed for creation of products and services in the business. In pursuit of the business missions and goals, social responsibility incorporates employees. A company should be able to ensure that its employee’s needs become met. Social responsibility in ensures that matters such as employee remuneration, bonuses, hiring and training or education get addressed (Werther and Chandler, 2010). A company should ensure that its employees get paid in time and according to labor laws. The company should be able to meet the required labor laws. The company should also enhance employee training and education. Employees should get to attend workshops and seminars to gain more knowledge in order to produce quality products and services. Hiring of employees should be conducted as par the companies required rules and regulation and only qualified candidates should become hired. To ensure that employee social responsibility is met within the business, the company should set up a human resource department which should look up at all matters concerning employees. Stockholders refer to persons or corporation that own shares or equity within a company. The expectation of a stockholder is that the company makes a return on investment (Werther and Chandler, 2010). Stockholder may also be referred to as shareholders or owners of the company. Social responsibility in business gets concerned with ensuring that the expectations of stockholders are met. To ensure that the stockholder s get return on their investment, the company should seek at ways of maximizing its profits. To ensure maximum profits, the company should employ competent management that runs the company smoothly and ensure that it competes fairly and effectively. The company management becomes encompassed with the responsibility of ensuring that all departments work hand in hand to ensure that the company is successful financially to maximize profits. Profits become

Financial Reporting Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Financial Reporting - Assignment Example The involvement of the all stakeholders, the identification of the economic status, financial identification and effective transmission of the components of the financial reports outlines the main characteristics of effective and good quality financial reports (Helen and Gary 2001, P. 57). Although conventional financial statement systems are still effective in providing financial reports in an organisation, the adoption of contemporary financial reporting techniques and policies have proved to be more valuable and cost-effective. Organisations provide financial reports to facilitate the successful creation of practical regulatory policies and for procurement authorisation. To address the issues of finance reporting extensively, International Trade Organisations have developed various policies aimed at harmonising the global financial reporting process for the benefit of global economic development. One such initiative was the formation of International Accounting Standards (IAS 10) to harmonise accounting practices across the globe. The main aim of the IAS 10 policy framework was to prescribe the most effective timeframe for adjusting financial statements for an organisation and to enable the identification of necessary disclosure requirements regarding the date for financial statement authorisation and the events that followed the reporting period. The standard stipulates that, an organisation should not prepare financial reports based on going-concerns. The International Accounting Standards (IAS 10) offers an explanation of the events that occur after the finance reporting date. The standard is also exceptionally decisive in explaining various activities that occur instantaneously after reporting period. Definitions Events after the reporting period- This entails the inauspicious and constructive happenings that takes place after the end of the reporting date and before the date of authorisation of the financial statement. Adjusting Events These are events that offer comprehensive evidence to support the occurrences that take place at the end of the reporting date. Adjusting events also incorporates the events that relate to the inappropriateness of the going concerns assumption in the entire or part of the financial plan (Evans, 2000, p.535). Non-Adjusting Events These are events that reveal the conditions that occur after the termination of the reporting date and do not interfere with the organisation’s financial report. These events occur at the end of the reporting period. However, these events should not be allowed to inference with the absolute finance reporting. The Scope of the Provision This standard is only appropriate in the entire accounting process, at the disclosure and in the analysis of events that occurs after the reporting time. Objective of International Accounting Standard (IAS 10) This provision is aimed at prescribing the most appropriate time for adjusting financial statements for events that might take p lace after the reporting period. The provision also offers a description of the necessary disclosures regarding the financial statement authorisation and the impact of the events that take place after the reporting date to the organisation finance report. The provision is as well expected to ensure that no organisation prepares its financial reports on a going concern basis. This occurs in the scenario where,

Exercise Addiction Essay Example for Free

Exercise Addiction Essay Exercise is important for the overall health and wellbeing of all people. People engage in physical activity for a variety of reasons. For some, being healthy is their only reason for exercising; for others, it may be to build more muscle, or gain endurance. â€Å"Exercise involves planned, structured, repetitive bodily movement done to improve or maintain physical fitness. † Exercise should always be beneficial; however excessive exercise can lead to harmful outcomes, and in come cases exercise can become an addiction. Exercise addiction has many of the same characteristics seen drug addiction such as: tolerance withdrawal, lack of control, intention effects, time, reduction in other activities, and continuance. Researchers have developed conceptually sound diagnostic criteria for exercise dependence, but have yet to determine a suitably convincing mechanism for its onset. In order to determine what type of interventions would be effective for treating or overcoming exercise addiction, researchers must first have an understanding of what causes the addiction. Understanding what psychological and physiological mechanisms are present in exercise addiction can help researchers to develop an intervention that will address all factors that nurture the addiction. The purpose of this study is to examine existing literature on the underlying mechanisms that could be responsible for the onset of exercise addiction in individuals in order to determine what types of intervention are needed to effectively treat exercise addiction. The study will include interviews to assess exercise addiction. Theoretical background In 1977, psychiatrist George L.  Engel released an article, The Need for a New Medical Model: A Challenge for Biomedicine, in which he proposed the Biopsychosocial Model, or BPSM. 1 â€Å"The Biopsychosocial Model is a method of understanding health and illness through biological, psychological, and social factors. † 2 Prior to Engel’s model, the Medical Model was the primary approach to medicine. The Medical Model focused on finding a single specific cause of illness to cure the disease, not the person as a whole. In The Need for a New Medical Model, Engel outlined weaknesses of the Medical Model. Engel addressed the Medical Model as a reductionist approach to medicine. 3 The Medical Model suggested that all diseases could be reduced to a single underlying â€Å"measurable biological variable† and treated without consideration of the other factors that may be related to the onset of the disease or illness. 1 (p 319) According to Engel: †¦a medical model must also take into account the patient, the social context in which he lives, and the complementary system devised by society to deal with the disruptive effects of illness, that is, the physician role and the health care system. This requires the Biopsychosocial model. (p324) According to the Medical Model, health can be equated to an absence of disease. Engel argued that the biological factors found in the medical model are not sufficient to provide a full understanding of disease. The Medical Model neglected to take into consideration individuals who feel well and are diagnosed with a disease, as well as individuals who are free of disease but feel sick. Engel proposed, â€Å"a biopsychosocial model which includes the patient as well as the illness would encompass both circumstances. † 1(p324) The BPSM explains disease through biological, psychological, and social factors. The BPSM can be understood by examining the components of the model. 4 The biological component â€Å"plays a key role is the BPSM. † 2 This component of the BPSM explains disease in relation to physiological causes such as pathogens or disorder in the functioning of the individual’s body. 5 A plausible biological mechanism of exercise addiction is the beta-endorphin hypothesis. â€Å"Aerobic exercise is known to stimulate the release of beta endorphin and other endogenous opioid peptides that appear to exert analgesic effects and may also produce addictive behaviors. Endorphins can block stress and create feeling of euphoria in an individual. Individuals who exercise excessively will be more receptive to endorphins and could potentially develop a tolerance for the hormone. Once the individual has developed a tolerance for the beta-endorphins, he or she will need to exercise longer and harder to achieve the same effects as before tolerance. This leads to the individual engaging in addictive behaviors that can also be explained as psychological process. 7 The psychological component of the BPSM explains disease as a manifestation of the individual’s thoughts, emotions, and behaviors. â€Å"Psychological dependence causes an individual to feel they need a substance to feel good. † 2 Negative thinking, low self-esteem, personality disorder such as perfectionism, etc. , could cause the addictive behavior. For example, an individual who does not cope well with stress may form a behavioral habit of exercise in order to feel good; they are addicted to exercise because of its mood-boosting biological effects. â€Å"In a philosophical sense, the biopsychosocial model states that the workings of the body can affect the mind, and the workings of the mind can affect the body.   However, biological and psychological factors alone are still not sufficient to completely explain exercise addiction in individuals. 2 The sociological component of the BPSM explains how social factors such as culture or socioeconomic status can be an underlying cause of illness. The behavior of an individual can be closely related to the culture and peer groups to which they belong. An individual may become addicted to exercise because of pressures of social norms. For example, an individual may have developed an addiction to exercise as a result of peer pressures to be thin. Significance of Proposed Research  The biopsychosocial model can be used to conceptualize exercise addiction. It is important to study the BPSM because further research is needed to determine the etiology and effective treatment for exercise addiction. To successfully treat or overcome an addiction, the individual must address each component that contributes to the overall behavior. The significance of this study will be to improve understanding of exercise addiction using the biopsychosocial model, determine the types of intervention needed to treat exercise addiction, and develop, as well as, test a multicomponent clinical strategy for treating the addiction. Proposed Methods The study will involve the evaluation of the biopsychosocial model in relation to exercise addiction. The targeted population for this study includes the following: individuals who are physically active and individuals who are classified as addicted to exercise. In order to ensure an efficient sample will be chosen, the target population will consist of 100 individuals. The sampling technique that will be used is a survey type of research, the Exercise Addiction Inventory. The EAI will include questions such as â€Å"When I exercise do I feel guilty† and â€Å"Is exercise the most important thing of my life? † (8) From this research, a sample from the target population will be selected. The sample will include 10 males and 10 females who are classified as addictive exercisers, as well as 10 males and 10 females who are non-addictive exercisers. Individuals who are classified as addicted to exercise will be submitted and additional questionnaire that will identify whether the individual has evidence of physiological dependence or no physiological dependence. Conclusion Exercise addiction is a disorder that has many underlying and contributing factors. Previous research did not provide sound information on the mechanisms of exercise dependence. The biopsychosocial model approach to addiction can be used to formulate an intervention for individuals who are diagnosed with exercise addiction. In order to treat an exercise addiction all components of the individual and the disease should be addressed.

Importance of talent management

Importance of talent management Introduction Changes to the environment in which banks operate was caused by high risk lending which now have higher capital requirements, tougher regulations and scarcer funding. The economic downturn has affected the banking industry in such a way that fighting for survival is a must; to avoid liquidation, acquisition, closures, takeovers and mergers. As a result, banks are faced with managing risks, compensation and growth itself. According to Marcus, who did 25 years of research found out that the most successful organisations were those people who focused on what they did best. The banks approach was to accentuate the positive through talent management and leadership development with a goal of measurably increasing its leadership capacity by 2011. Using the strength based philosophy in the transitional change process, which is valuable in an international environment that is vastly diversified. Importance of talent management Talent management involves individuals and organisational development in response to a changing and complex environment. Talent management focuses on driving superior business results through people by: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Attracting the right people to the industry. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Maintaining and keeping employees fully engaged in their work. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Identifying and developing potential leaders. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Motivating and rewarding employees’ efforts in innovative ways. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Aligning human resource programs, policies and processes to business goals. Why Talent Management? à ¢Ã… ¾Ã‚ ¢ For banks to survive at this period they need to strategise a long term goal of managing employees during the recession which is short term and after the recession which is long term through the continuous individual personal development(CIPD), right from the recruitment stage. As Haley says its everybodys Holy Grail to create local internal pipelines and there having continuous supply of talent. Banks will survive the recession period because of the talent they retain and develop, as Haley said there is not enough supply, so you have to develop your own people. Without the continuous use of talent management, they will not be able to cope once the recession is over, because they will not have the necessary skills to fill positions quickly to meet evolving business needs. The fight for existence has lead to a wide scale of redundancies hence a significant lost of talent. With the continuous use of talents management, banks will grow, expand and develop in a competitive market with the skills and talents they continuously develop after redundancies, because the demand out ways the supply for talented people during the recession. Banks tend to cut down cost, especially on the training and development of employees, forgetting that people and their development is the key to the success of any organisation no matter what the economic climate is. Cutting down cost on training and development can have a long term effect on an organisation, which can lead the organisation to loosing its market share. The bank gains competitive advantages over its competitors by continuously improving its talent. By identifying the key innovative employees to the organisation that can be further trained and equip to anticipate or solve future problems that may arise. This could be the companys core competence and being the success factor which could be its competitive edge over competitors. It develops employees innovative skills needed for and after the recession. Haley said its base on the idea that people will be successful because they play to their strengths not because they manage their weakness, Skills will be available once the recession is over because innovation comes from the best people who are drivers of long term change. It increases the productivity of employees, hence high quality, effectiveness and efficiency is maintained. The risk of loosing employees to competitors due to lack of motivation during the recession, talent management motivates employees to stay with the organisation long term, knowing there is an opportunity for growth and development. Motivation gives the employees the confidence that they need to carry out their job properly hence innovative skills can be transferred or adopted. With staff engagement, career planning and continuous personal development plans from the Human resources development department, there will be enough supply of skills and creative innovation.   The organisations brand will be recognised for its training and development policy, which will attract the best people with the appropriate skills for the Job who can add value to the industry. Importance of change management Change is the process of transforming the manner in which individuals or organisations act and requires most employees to learn new skills. Change is perennial in the economic situation that we currently facing, implementing talent management to incorporate change is essential for the success of standard bank which explores new opportunities for growth and increase productivity. It can be very effective when people are involved in the change process, by providing training in new values, skills and behaviours. Change affects the managers leadership roles and employees in which they are all subjects to the same reactions of resistance and constraints. It is vital that the change process is managed properly to reduce the level of resistance. Change management could have a long term effect of being cost effective; it could reduce the cost of future uncertainties that may occur, hence improving the quality of products in the global economy. Conclusion The continued use of talent management minimises change resistance, it maintains key skills to boost up the bank hence the talent management is incorporated into the banks culture.   In order to maximise the talent management process it is essential that the bank adopts Dave Ulrichs (1997) three legged stool model of Shared Service Centre, Business Partners and Centres of Expertise to make sure the team is well motivated.

Simon Bolivar Essay -- essays research papers

THE BEGINNING   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Simon Jose Antonio de la Santisima Trinidad Bolivar was born in Caracas on July 24, 1783 to don Juan Vicente Bolivar y Ponte y dona Maria de la Concepcion Palacios y Blanco. Simon received an excellent education from his tutors, Simon Rodriquez and Andres Bello. By the age of nine Bolivar lost both his parents, and was being taken care of by his uncle don Carlos Palacios. At the age of fifteen in 1799 he traveled to Spain to receive a better education. In Spain, Bolivar met Maria Teresa Rodriquez del Toro y Alaysa, they married in 1802. Right after Bolivar and his new wife returned to Venezuela, she died of malaria or yellow fever. Her death greatly effected Bolivar, he vowed not to marry again, and became a political and military figure. In Europe   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Napoleon Bonaparte was the Emperor of France, and was crowned as King of Italy. In 1808 Napoleon conquered Spain and chose his brother Joseph as the King of Spain. This created a large revolt in Spain known as the Peninsular Wars. In Spain many small groups were formed to fight against the new king. On the other hand in S. America the groups were formed to fight against the Spanish King and Joseph Bonaparte. That year Caracas, Bolivar hometown, declared independence from Spain. BACK IN S. AMERICA In 1808 Bolivar, Bello and Mendez were sent to England on a diplomatic mission. It was a failed attempt to gain an alliance. He returned to Venezuela in 1811...

Program Planning and Evaluation Essay

The Far West community is an ever-growing community that is presenting many opportunities especially for a diverse population. Because the way society is as a whole it is important that there are culturally diverse communities not only for ones that need the exposure to diversity but for the cultures that need a place they can call and feels like home. Within communities such as Far West there is a huge need for the educators to be able to provide good education as well educational programs that tends to the diverse needs of a diverse population. Far West is a community striving to provide the perfect community and educational atmosphere for those that look to call Far West home. A program that is focusing on producing a successful program for a diverse population would have to utilize some program planning. This is especially accurate when a majority of the school population is of an Asian descent. Not only will program planning need to take place to come up with ways to provide for the Asian populations needs but for other cultures as well. Due to the growing population of Asian people within Far West there has also been a spike in the population of other cultural groups. Not only will a need for educational programs for the Asian culture be a must but also for others such as the Hispanic population. Not only will bilingual educators be needed but also bilingual programs, text books, and other materials to provide for the multicultural school population. The program is planning to use the first four years of grades kindergarten through fourth grade as the transition period to transform these unilingual to bilingual American students. Another program that is going to be put into place is a diversity program. Planning for this program is going to take some outside of the box thinking and some dedication from the educators and from the parents of the students.  Recruitment of faculty and staff will take place to help run this program. The principal is on board with the program and plans to make a point to recruit all the bilingual staff and paraprofessionals to help make this program run without a hitch. Parents are going to be needed to make this program a success as well. The needs for dedicated, caring parents are needed to form a diversity program committee to plan and execute everything, (â€Å"Http://www.ehow.com†, n.d.). There have been talks of creating a new class to aid in this program as well as an after school program. It will all depend on the funding whether or not the class will be implemented but the after school program is a go. Along with the daily afterschool program there will also be a monthly program celebration that will celebrate a different culture each month. Determining the celebrated cultures will be based on the different cultures that attend the school. During that month all students involved with the program will learn the lifestyles, traditions, history, and any common knowledge of the celebrated culture of that particular month. To make this happen successfully it is important to allow students to be involved and have a say in the programs planning and scheduled activities. This is the strategy to keep the students engaged and provide them with a sense of importance and responsibility. All is set in place for this program and applications for the grants have taken place and this will be what will determine if there will be a class provided during school hours as well as the after school program. Another area of need to make sure that the Far West elementary school is providing acceptable and successful services is the use of program evaluations. Some programs do this type of evaluation but it normally takes place on a quarterly basis. Far West plans to utilize a bi-monthly evaluation so the necessary statistics are recorded to make sure that the program is effective. This not only helps the students but it is also beneficial for the teachers and aides. With the students the evaluations provides insight on the learning level of the students and how well they are obtaining and learning the material taught within the program. All students learn on different levels and it is important to decipher what a child’s learning level is so that the program does not fail the student. The evaluations are also important for the educators and assistants because it allows them to analyze the data provided to see if adjustments need to be made so that lower level students can receive e xtra assistance. The  evaluations can also provide teachers with insights on any areas of improvement needed on how they are teaching the curriculum to the students. Evaluation is needed to help make a program successful and it also helps in the continuing evolution of a program. Far West plans to focus their attention on their program planning and evaluation by following a check lists. This check lists focuses on Curriculum, particularly a diverse curriculum. The next area would be instruction. The instruction given to these students is going to be as diverse as the schools population with the use of technology such as computers, videos, music, and artwork. These strategies will be added to the typical traditional use of textbooks and other media sources that can be obtained within the school’s library. Evaluation is another strategy on the checklists that was already touched upon, and lastly culture. A school’s culture sets the tone for how much the student’s value diversity in others as well as how confident they feel being themselves, (â€Å"Http://www.ehow.com†, n.d.). Program planning and program evaluation go hand in hand with this organization and for the most part a majority of all organizations. Part of the planning that has taken place is to provide an evaluation program on a bi-monthly basis. Success for this program relies on the continuous planning to make the program efficient and the continuous evaluation to make sure that the program is effective for students and the curriculum is effective as well. Both of these interrelate because with this program, planning and evaluation is needed for the overall success of the program. Far West believes that they have a curriculum, program, which is only in need of some extra staff, some dedicated parents, a nd some funding to make it all happen. Although everything presented within this written document has been all positive and seems to be fool proof there are always bumps in the road and potential obstacles that have to be faced when implementing a program of this nature. Technical issues are something that could slow the process of such a program if the required resources are not available. Because this is such a diverse program that is expected to have a large and diverse amount of participants the need for technology is needed. Technology is not only needed for resources but for alternate teaching strategies, programs, record keeping, communication, student interacting, research, and many more areas. Because of the size of the diverse population that is expected at Far West, part of their budget is  going to have the need for more computers and different bilingual programs to allow for more ample instruction of the programs curriculum. Another area of concern when it comes to starting a program would be political aspe cts. Politics is involved in almost everything one can think of. There is a large chance that there are some parents or other citizens within the Far West community that may feel that the grant money needed for all the educational changes can be utilized in other areas. Some parents that may be of another ethnic decent or part of a family that may not feel that it is important for their children to be culturally diverse could be opposed to this program proposal. These families may think that it would be a waste of money or recourses. Some families may feel that more attention should be given to classes of the arts such as art, and music. Or they may be some that believe that funding may be needed for more extracurricular activities such as sports or travel clubs. Other areas of concern could be facility improvement or maintenance. Other political issues could be on how a family looks at political views. Republicans may be opposed to such a program because they may feel that the money could be used in other areas, whereas democrats could be all for a program that is set up to help all of those involved. Other areas could be the overall upbringing and cultural traditions that families follow. Racism is still a huge issue within society and there could be families that feel that it is not in their children’s best interest to learn cultural diversity and may also feel like it is against their rights for such a program to be taught at the school their children attends. That is why the program is optional and not a requirement. The in school class would be a class where students that are interested or their parents are interested can enroll them into the class. The after school program will be optional as well. Although Far West is investing a lot of time and work into this program they are not going to allow this program take away from any other area within the school. This is to prevent from anyone to feel that they are being discriminated against. Far West is not taking any advantages away from other students they are just getting accustom to the ever evolving school population for years to come. This program is important. Children are the future of this country and if children are to be successful they are going to need the correct learning atmosphere, and resources to be able to do so. The Far West population is  becoming more and more diverse by the day and this is the case for the Far West elementary school. Far West has developed a program that will promote learning in an area that is a new way of life with cultural diversity. This is mindset of the future and by Far West Elementary setting an example; this could be the new and improved way of educating our youth starting at an early elementary age. References http://www.ehow.com. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://www.ehow.com/how_7464923_create-diversity-program-school.html http://www.ehow.com. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://www.ehow.com/info_7846153_checklist-diversity-evaluation-classrooms.html

Intro to Evidence Based Practice Nursing

Research is:Formal, rigorous process to discover new knowledge or validate/refine existing knowledge Gathering of data, information, and facts for the advancement of knowledge Type of systematic activity (set of planned activities)Systematic process of investigation Formalized method(s) of obtaining information (data/knowledge) Nursing research is a systematic inquiry designed to develop new knowledge or validate/refine existing knowledge about issues related to nursing (e.g., provision of patient care; administration of nursing and health care services)Nursing Science: Body of knowledge unique to the discipline of nursingScientific method is an approach to gaining new knowledge from a systematic collection of empirical dataWhat is the importance of research in nursing?Nurses are responsible for assuming an active role in developing the body of nursing knowledge Nurses are expected to adopt an evidence-based practice (EPB) – defined as the use of best clinical evidence in maki ng patient care decisions EBP is EVERY nurse’s responsibility, whether you are a user (consumer) of nursing research by reading research reports to keep up-to-date or a nurse who designs and conducts researchEvidence Based PracticeEBP is a problem solving approach to clinical practice that integrates the conscientious use of best evidence in combination with a clinician’s expertise as well as patient preferences and values to make decisions about  the type of care that is provided. Resources must be considered in the decision-making process as well. Significance of EBPCollection, interpretation, and integration of valid, important, and applicable patient reported and research derived evidence Knowledge obtained from research evidence is transformed into clinical practice, culminating in nursing practice that it evidence-based Allows nurses to use the best research evidence in making clinical decisionsChapter Two – Fain TextbookResearch Process Selecting/ defin ing the problem Must be significant to nursing Add to body of existing knowledge Problem areas from practice Review of literature provides background, rationale, and justification for study Develop research questions/hypotheses Selecting a research design Overall plan or structure for planning to answer research questions and/or test hypotheses Identify methods for selecting the sample, testing, and measurement Methods Data collection Organizing data for analysis Data Analysis Analyzing and interpreting results; arriving at conclusion Utilizing the Research Sharing the findings with colleaguesTypes of researchQualitative data:information collected in a narrative form such as transcript of an unstructured interviewQuantitative data:organization and interpretation of narrative data with purpose of discovering important underlying themes, categories, patterns and relationships